A Thermocouple is a sensor used to measure temperature. Thermocouples consist of two wire legs made from different metals. The wires legs are welded together at one end, creating a junction. This junction is where the temperature is measured. When the junction experiences a temperature change, a voltage is created. The voltage can then be interpreted using a thermocouple reference table to calculate the temperature.
There are many types of thermocouples, each with its unique characteristics in terms of temperature range, durability, vibration resistance, chemical resistance, and application compatibility.
Thermocouple Type J, commonly referred to as Iron/Constantan(Fe/K), is one of the few thermocouples that can be used safely in reducing atmospheres. However, in oxidizing atmospheres above 550°C, degradation is rapid. Maximum continuous operating temperature is around 800°C, although for short-term use, temperatures up to 1,000°C can be handled. The minimum temperature is -210°C but beware of condensation at temperatures below ambient - rusting of the iron arm can result, as well as low-temperature embrittlement.
The type J is also very common. It has a smaller temperature range and a shorter lifespan at higher temperatures than Type K. It is equivalent to the Type K in terms of expense and reliability.
Temperature Range:
- Thermocouple grade wire, -346 deg F to 1,400 deg F (-210 to 760 deg C)