In modern times, enhancing vehicle safety has become a critical concern. Automatic vehicle accident detection and messaging systems play a vital role in providing prompt assistance in case of accidents, potentially saving lives. This article will guide you through creating an automatic vehicle accident detection and messaging system using the 8051 microcontroller. We will cover the components required, the working principle, and interfacing techniques to build a functional system.
Components Required
8051 Microcontroller Development Board
Accelerometer (e.g., ADXL335)
GSM Module (e.g., SIM800)
LCD Display (16x2)
Buzzer
Push Button (for reset)
Resistors and Capacitors (if necessary)
Connecting Wires
Power Supply
Understanding the Components
Accelerometer (ADXL335)
An accelerometer detects acceleration forces, which can be used to determine changes in motion and orientation. In this project, it will detect sudden changes in acceleration indicative of a vehicle accident.
GSM Module (SIM800)
A GSM module allows the system to send SMS messages over a cellular network. This module will be used to send an emergency message when an accident is detected.
LCD Display
An LCD display will provide real-time feedback on the system status, such as displaying messages when an accident is detected or when a message is sent.
Buzzer
A buzzer will alert the passengers that an accident has been detected and a message is being sent.
Working Principle
The accelerometer detects sudden changes in the vehicle's acceleration. If the changes exceed a predefined threshold, it is assumed that an accident has occurred. The microcontroller processes this data and, upon detecting an accident, triggers the GSM module to send an emergency SMS to a predefined contact number. The LCD displays the system status, and the buzzer alerts the passengers.
Interfacing the System with 8051 Microcontroller
Circuit Diagram
Connections
VCC and GND of the Accelerometer are connected to the 5V and GND pins of the 8051 microcontroller, respectively.
X, Y, and Z Axis Outputs of the Accelerometer are connected to the analog input pins of an ADC, which is interfaced with the 8051 microcontroller.
TX and RX of the GSM Module are connected to the RX and TX of the 8051 microcontroller, respectively.
LCD Display is connected to the appropriate pins of the 8051 microcontroller for displaying messages.
Buzzer is connected to one of the output pins of the 8051 microcontroller (e.g., P2.0).
Push Button is connected to another input pin of the 8051 microcontroller (e.g., P3.0) for reset functionality.
Code Implementation
Here is an example code to detect an accident and send an SMS using the 8051 microcontroller.
#include <reg51.h>#include "lcd.h"sbit Buzzer = P2^0; // Buzzer controlsbit ResetButton = P3^0; // Reset buttonvoid delay_ms(unsigned int ms) { unsigned int i, j; for (i = 0; i < ms; i++) for (j = 0; j < 1275; j++);}void UART_Init() { TMOD = 0x20; // Timer1 in Mode 2 TH1 = 0xFD; // 9600 baud rate SCON = 0x50; // 8-bit UART mode TR1 = 1; // Start Timer1}void UART_Transmit(char ch) { SBUF = ch; while (TI == 0); TI = 0;}void UART_SendString(char *str) { while (*str) { UART_Transmit(*str++); }}void send_SMS() { UART_SendString("AT+CMGF=1\r"); // Set SMS to text mode delay_ms(1000); UART_SendString("AT+CMGS=\"+1234567890\"\r"); // Replace with your phone number delay_ms(1000); UART_SendString("Accident detected!\r"); // Message content UART_Transmit(26); // ASCII code for CTRL+Z to send the message delay_ms(1000);}void main() { unsigned int x_accel, y_accel, z_accel; unsigned int threshold = 300; // Example threshold value // Initialize UART UART_Init(); // Initialize LCD lcd_init(); lcd_clear(); lcd_gotoxy(1, 1); lcd_puts("Accident Detection"); while (1) { // Read accelerometer values (replace with actual ADC reading code) x_accel = ADC_Read(0); y_accel = ADC_Read(1); z_accel = ADC_Read(2); // Check if any of the accelerometer values exceed the threshold if (x_accel > threshold || y_accel > threshold || z_accel > threshold) { lcd_gotoxy(1, 2); lcd_puts("Accident Detected"); // Activate buzzer Buzzer = 1; delay_ms(500); // Send SMS send_SMS(); // Deactivate buzzer Buzzer = 0; // Wait for reset button press while (ResetButton == 1); lcd_clear(); lcd_gotoxy(1, 1); lcd_puts("Accident Detection"); } delay_ms(1000); // Sampling delay }}Explanation of the Code
Header File Inclusion: The reg51.h header file includes necessary definitions for working with the 8051 microcontroller. The lcd.h header file includes functions to control the LCD.
Pin Definitions: The buzzer and reset button are defined as bit-addressable variables.
Delay Function: A simple delay function is implemented to provide delays in milliseconds.
UART Initialization: The UART_Init function sets up the UART for communication with the GSM module.
UART Transmit Functions: The UART_Transmit and UART_SendString functions are used to send data to the GSM module.
Send SMS Function: The send_SMS function sends an SMS message through the GSM module when an accident is detected.
Main Function:
The UART and LCD are initialized.
The accelerometer values are read (simulated here; replace with actual ADC reading code).
If any accelerometer value exceeds the threshold, the system assumes an accident has occurred.
The buzzer is activated, an SMS is sent, and the system waits for the reset button to be pressed before continuing.
Conclusion
Creating an automatic vehicle accident detection and messaging system using the 8051 microcontroller enhances vehicle safety by providing immediate notification in case of accidents. This project demonstrates the practical application of sensors, GSM modules, and microcontrollers to build a lifesaving device. By following the steps and code provided in this article, you can develop your own accident detection system and further explore enhancements such as GPS integration for location tracking, more sophisticated sensors, or even real-time monitoring systems.
Additional Tips
Sensor Calibration: Ensure proper calibration of the accelerometer to accurately detect sudden changes in acceleration.
Power Supply: Use a stable power supply to avoid erratic behavior of the sensor, microcontroller, and GSM module.
Message Customization: Customize the SMS content and recipient number as per your requirements.
Emergency Response: Consider integrating additional features like GPS for location tracking and a microphone for real-time communication in case of an emergency.
This project provides a solid foundation for developing more advanced and integrated vehicle safety systems using the 8051 microcontroller.
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