Introduction
A GPS tracker is a device that uses the Global Positioning System to determine and track its precise location. In this project, we will design a GPS tracker using the 8051 microcontroller. The system will interface with a GPS module to receive location data and display it on an LCD. This project demonstrates how to integrate GPS technology with microcontrollers for applications in navigation, tracking, and location-based services.
Components Required
8051 Microcontroller (e.g., AT89S52)
GPS Module (e.g., NEO-6M)
16x2 LCD Display
MAX232 IC (for serial communication)
Resistors (10kΩ, 1kΩ)
Capacitors (33pF, 100μF)
Crystal Oscillator (11.0592 MHz)
Breadboard and Connecting Wires
Power Supply (5V)
Circuit Diagram
The GPS module is connected to the 8051 microcontroller through the MAX232 IC, which converts the RS232 voltage levels to TTL levels suitable for the microcontroller. The LCD is used to display the GPS coordinates.
+5V ----- +5V
|
|
NEO-6M
+---+
+5V --|VCC|
| |
|TX |------- R1IN (MAX232)
| |
GND --|GND |
+---+
MAX232
+---+
| |--- T1OUT ------- RXD (P3.0 of 8051)
| |
+---+
8051
+---+
| |--- TXD (P3.1)
| |
+---+
LCD
RS (P3.6)
RW (Ground)
E (P3.7)
D4-D7 (P2.4-P2.7)
Pin Connections
GPS Module:
VCC to +5V
GND to Ground
TX to R1IN of MAX232
MAX232 IC:
T1OUT to RXD (P3.0 of 8051)
Connect other pins as per standard MAX232 configuration with capacitors
8051 Microcontroller:
RXD (P3.0) to T1OUT of MAX232
TXD (P3.1) to T1IN of MAX232 (optional for bidirectional communication)
Connect crystal oscillator and capacitors for clock generation
LCD Display:
RS to P3.6
RW to Ground
E to P3.7
D4-D7 to P2.4-P2.7
Software Implementation
The code is written in C using Keil uVision IDE. It involves initializing the UART for serial communication, receiving GPS data, and extracting and displaying the coordinates.
#include <reg51.h>
#include "lcd.h"
sbit RS = P3^6; // RS pin for LCD
sbit E = P3^7; // E pin for LCD
void delay(unsigned int count) {
int i, j;
for(i=0; i<count; i++)
for(j=0; j<1275; j++);
}
void uart_init(void) {
TMOD = 0x20; // Timer1 in mode 2
TH1 = 0xFD; // Baud rate 9600
SCON = 0x50; // 8-bit data, 1 stop bit, REN enabled
TR1 = 1; // Start Timer1
}
char uart_receive(void) {
while(RI == 0); // Wait for reception to complete
RI = 0; // Clear reception interrupt flag
return SBUF; // Return received character
}
void uart_send(char data) {
SBUF = data; // Load data to transmit buffer
while(TI == 0); // Wait for transmission to complete
TI = 0; // Clear transmission interrupt flag
}
void lcd_init() {
lcd_cmd(0x02); // Initialize LCD in 4-bit mode
lcd_cmd(0x28); // 4-bit mode, 2 lines, 5x7 font
lcd_cmd(0x0C); // Display ON, Cursor OFF
lcd_cmd(0x06); // Increment cursor
lcd_cmd(0x01); // Clear display
}
void lcd_cmd(char cmd) {
RS = 0; // Select command register
P2 = (P2 & 0x0F) | (cmd & 0xF0); // Send higher nibble
E = 1; E = 0;
P2 = (P2 & 0x0F) | (cmd << 4); // Send lower nibble
E = 1; E = 0;
delay(2);
}
void lcd_data(char data) {
RS = 1; // Select data register
P2 = (P2 & 0x0F) | (data & 0xF0); // Send higher nibble
E = 1; E = 0;
P2 = (P2 & 0x0F) | (data << 4); // Send lower nibble
E = 1; E = 0;
delay(2);
}
void lcd_write_string(char *str) {
while(*str) {
lcd_data(*str++);
}
}
void lcd_write_char(char c) {
lcd_data(c);
}
void lcd_write_number(int num) {
char buf[16];
sprintf(buf, "%d", num);
lcd_write_string(buf);
}
void main() {
char gps_data;
char buffer[16];
int i = 0;
lcd_init(); // Initialize LCD
uart_init(); // Initialize UART
lcd_cmd(0x80); // Move cursor to first line
lcd_write_string("GPS Tracker");
while(1) {
gps_data = uart_receive(); // Receive GPS data
if(gps_data == '$') { // Start of GPS data sentence
i = 0;
while(i < 16) { // Read GPS sentence
gps_data = uart_receive();
buffer[i++] = gps_data;
}
buffer[i] = '\0'; // Null-terminate string
// Display GPS data on LCD
lcd_cmd(0xC0); // Move cursor to second line
lcd_write_string(buffer);
}
}
}
Initialization:
LCD Initialization: The lcd_init() function sets up the LCD.
UART Initialization: The uart_init() function configures the UART for serial communication at a baud rate of 9600.
Receiving GPS Data:
The uart_receive() function waits for and reads a character from the GPS module via UART.
Displaying GPS Data:
The main loop continuously receives GPS data. When a sentence starts (indicated by $), it reads the next 16 characters into a buffer and displays them on the LCD.
Conclusion
This project demonstrates the use of the 8051 microcontroller to create a GPS tracker. The system is capable of receiving location data from a GPS module and displaying it on an LCD. This project is a great way to learn about serial communication, GPS technology, and using microcontrollers for navigation and tracking applications.
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