Fire Fighting Robot Using 8051 Microcontroller

Introduction

Firefighting robots are designed to detect and extinguish fires, making them invaluable in hazardous environments where human intervention is dangerous. This article outlines the design and implementation of a fire-fighting robot using the 8051 microcontroller. The robot can detect a fire, navigate towards it, and extinguish it using a water pump.

Components Required

1. 8051 Microcontroller

2. Flame Sensor

3. Motor Driver IC (L293D)

4. DC Motors

5. Water Pump

6. Chassis and Wheels

7. Servo Motor

8. Power Supply (Batteries)

9. Connecting Wires

10. Resistors, Capacitors, and other passive components

System Overview

The fire-fighting robot consists of flame sensors to detect fire, a motor driver to control the movement of the robot, and a water pump to extinguish the fire. The 8051 microcontroller processes sensor inputs and controls the motors and water pump. The robot navigates towards the fire, positions itself correctly, and activates the water pump to extinguish the fire.

Circuit Diagram

Transmitter Section:

Receiver Section:

Note: Add the circuit diagram images as described above.

Working Principle

1. Fire Detection: The flame sensor detects the presence of fire by sensing the infrared light emitted by the flames. The output of the flame sensor is connected to the 8051 microcontroller.

2. Navigation: The microcontroller processes the sensor data to determine the direction of the fire and controls the motors to navigate the robot towards the fire.

3. Fire Extinguishing: Once the robot reaches the fire, it activates the water pump to spray water and extinguish the fire.

Circuit Design

1. Flame Sensor Interface:

• Connect the output of the flame sensor to one of the digital input pins of the 8051 microcontroller.

• Provide power supply to the flame sensor.

2. Motor Driver Interface:

• Connect the control pins of the motor driver IC (L293D) to the digital output pins of the microcontroller.

• Connect the motors to the output pins of the motor driver IC.

• Provide separate power supplies for the motor driver IC and the motors.

3. Water Pump Interface:

• Connect the control pin of the water pump to one of the digital output pins of the microcontroller.

4. Servo Motor Interface:

• Connect the control pin of the servo motor to one of the PWM pins of the microcontroller.

Programming the 8051 Microcontroller

The program for the 8051 microcontroller is written in Embedded C. The code involves reading the flame sensor values, controlling the motors to navigate towards the fire, and activating the water pump to extinguish the fire.

#include <reg51.h>

// Define connections

sbit FLAME_SENSOR = P1^0;

sbit MOTOR_LEFT_FORWARD = P2^0;

sbit MOTOR_LEFT_BACKWARD = P2^1;

sbit MOTOR_RIGHT_FORWARD = P2^2;

sbit MOTOR_RIGHT_BACKWARD = P2^3;

sbit WATER_PUMP = P2^4;

sbit SERVO = P3^0;

void delay(unsigned int ms) {

    unsigned int i, j;

    for(i = 0; i < ms; i++) {

        for(j = 0; j < 1275; j++);

    }

}

void forward() {

    MOTOR_LEFT_FORWARD = 1;

    MOTOR_LEFT_BACKWARD = 0;

    MOTOR_RIGHT_FORWARD = 1;

    MOTOR_RIGHT_BACKWARD = 0;

}

void left() {

    MOTOR_LEFT_FORWARD = 0;

    MOTOR_LEFT_BACKWARD = 1;

    MOTOR_RIGHT_FORWARD = 1;

    MOTOR_RIGHT_BACKWARD = 0;

}

void right() {

    MOTOR_LEFT_FORWARD = 1;

    MOTOR_LEFT_BACKWARD = 0;

    MOTOR_RIGHT_FORWARD = 0;

    MOTOR_RIGHT_BACKWARD = 1;

}

void stop() {

    MOTOR_LEFT_FORWARD = 0;

    MOTOR_LEFT_BACKWARD = 0;

    MOTOR_RIGHT_FORWARD = 0;

    MOTOR_RIGHT_BACKWARD = 0;

}

void water_pump_on() {

    WATER_PUMP = 1;

}

void water_pump_off() {

    WATER_PUMP = 0;

}

void servo_rotate(unsigned int angle) {

    unsigned int pulse_width;

    pulse_width = (angle / 180.0) * 2000 + 1000;

    SERVO = 1;

    delay(pulse_width);

    SERVO = 0;

    delay(20000 - pulse_width);

}

void main() {

    while(1) {

        if(FLAME_SENSOR == 0) { // Flame detected

            forward();

            delay(500);

            stop();

            water_pump_on();

            delay(5000);

            water_pump_off();

        }

        else {

            // Navigate in search of fire

            forward();

            delay(1000);

            left();

            delay(500);

            forward();

            delay(1000);

            right();

            delay(500);

        }

    }

}

Conclusion

A fire-fighting robot using the 8051 microcontroller is an effective solution for detecting and extinguishing fires in hazardous environments. This article outlines the components, circuit design, and programming required to build the system. With further enhancements such as additional sensors and more advanced navigation algorithms, this system can be adapted for more complex and large-scale applications.

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